Unicode permits some characters to be represented as a single precomposed code point or as a base character followed by combining marks. Those strings can look identical while comparing unequal byte-for-byte.
NFC and NFD handle canonical equivalence; NFKC and NFKD additionally apply compatibility transformations that can change distinctions meaningful to some text. Do not normalize identifiers or security-sensitive strings without understanding the system’s rules.
The Unicode Normalization Desk shows all four forms side by side so developers can diagnose these differences quickly.
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